First we will focus on the causes of illness in the workplace. Some of them can be:

: Workload on the employee of the organisation is the first thing which is cause of illness in the workplace. It is causing stress. It is the responsibility of the manager of the organisation to divide the work properly to the employees.

: The employees should be given an opportunity to say regarding the things those affect them as if they have no say, and then there will be more chances of workplace illness. All the employees should be given a sense of being in control.

: Lack of appreciation will also lead towards illness in the workplace. If the employees do not get feedback on what they are doing, not being appreciated for good performance, they will feel mentally stressed and this can be one of the causes of illness. To overcome this, the managers should appreciate the good work from time to time.

: Poor relationships with colleagues can also be the factor of illness. If the employees are treated with discrimination then there can be chances of stress.

Now, there are many points to reduce illness in the workplace:

: The workplace is the thing which can be reduce the illness of the workplace. The organizations need to set proper organization culture to reduce levels of stress in the workplace. Workplace’s culture should be developed in such a way that it should be allowing flexibility, security, participation, involvement. All these factors are very important for a stable workplace and industrial relations.

: Planning and time management also can reduce the illness of the workplace, because stress and illnesses can also arise from lack of proper planning. To get relief from stress and from illness, the employees should make a proper planning.

: Management style plays a very important role in ensuring good work environment. The management style also decreases the illness of the workplace. The management style should be such that gives encouragement to employees so that they can discuss problems with the managers freely. They should be provided with regular feedbacks and they should have freedom to give ideas.

 For run an organisation, the relational between employers and employees should be good. To reduce illness, it is the duty of the employer to treat each employee equally. Each and every employee should be involved in decision making so that they can feel that they are part of the organization. Each employee should be well trained. The managers need to behave with the employee like a friend not like a senior employer. Employers should provide proper health and wellness programs to reduce stress in the workplace and to ensure health and safety. There should be no bullying and harassment in the workplace.

: Another way to keep employees healthy and fit is to encourage exercise. Employers should encourage their employees to keep physically fit. Doing exercise and taking a healthy and balanced diet will help employees to have more stamina and energy in the office. Exercises can be of various types. For instance, tennis, ballroom dancing, swimming, jogging, cycling, etc. All these will not only promote fitness but also help to get relief from counter stress.

: To overcome illness, the employees should be educated about the causes, symptoms and treatment and it should be ensured that all the individuals should have early treatment. Employers can provide assistance by ensuring that every person in the organization from the top down has received full information about all the issues related to mental health and illness This will help the employees in better management of work during pressure. This will help them to learn techniques like time management, leadership skills, assertiveness, relaxation, etc. The employee must learn how to relax in case of stress.

How would you reduce illness in workplace?

India witnessed the stream of migrant workers and their families on the roads – men carrying children, women, children carrying younger children and the elderly, poor deprived of their livelihoods walking to their villages some as far as 700 to 1400 km when the country underwent 

 in March 2020. The lockdown also meant risking the lives of large number of chronically ill or those under treatment or waiting hospitalization.

 nearly 5.8 million people in India die every year of non-communicable diseases. After the lockdown a large number of these patients could have been severely affected. In 2018 2.15 million new tuberculosis cases were diagnosed in India. The plight of these patients a large number of whom would be on treatment of DOTS centers and or at hospital OPD that were shut down. There is no way to know the status of these patients in the post lockdown period as many would have discontinued their medication due to various reasons. People’s health is the responsibility of the state but at no stage should it resort to methods that hurt the marginalized.

The economic and social consequences of the lockdown have been severe. A large proportion of the self employed, casual workers or daily wagers and informal workers who constitute 90% of the workforce have lost their livelihoods. Demand has dropped sharply as employment has contracted. Supply has been reduced by the massive reduction in the output.

 households food security is at massive risk despite state and central government extending ration subsidies. For micro- small – medium enterprises their survival is jeopardized as they have been shut for long duration of time. Amid hunger, monetary crisis and uncertainty migrant workers were treated as outsiders why many set off on foot to their homes. With widespread panic, migrants became easy targets on social media and were labeled corona virus carriers. In many places the enforcement of lockdown through the use of police force as well as several infection control measures such as stamping those identified for isolation made things worse for them.

The deep social fissures festering within the society are more pronounced. The 

 has over burdened India’s inadequate healthcare system and stripped the veil off everyday practices of caste and class discrimination. As per 

, More than 67 lakh migrants returned to 116 districts in 6 states from the urban centres. Out of these about 44 lakhs two- third returned to 53 districts. In Bihar 23.6 lakh returned to 32 districts followed by UP with 17.48 lakh to 31 districts. The total number of returning migrants is significant since the 2011 census had recorded 2.19 crore people as new inter state migrants across a decade since 2001.

Migrant Crisis and COVID-19

Tourism has been a major social observable fact of all societies. It is an instrument for employment generation, poverty alleviation and sustainable human resource development. The spread of education has promoted an aspiration to know more about different parts of the world.

Tourism is one economic sector in India that has the potential to grow at a high rate and can ensure consequential development of the infrastructure at the destination. This is a composite sector, generating income in many activities as sector & sub-sector like hotels & other accommodation, travel agents and tour operators, transport service, shopping facilities etc.

India is a unique destination for domestic and foreign travellers. India is a huge country with great values. The saying “

” welcomes and pleases foreign arrivals.

Many foreign tourist appreciate the simplicity, flora & fauna of the villages of India. And many travellers arrive in India to learn Yoga, Meditation.

The historical & architectural sites, wildlife sanctuaries, pilgrim centers, forts, beaches, unique taste of food of the country welcome tourist from all around the globe.

Over 17.9 million foreign tourist arrivals in India in 2019 compared to 17.4 millions in 2018, representing a growth of 3.5%. This makes India the 

Domestic tourist visits to all states and union territories numbered 1,036.35 million in 2015.

Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kerala, Agra & Jaipur were the six most visited cities in India by foreign tourist during 2015.

The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2016 ranked India 35th out of the 140 countries.

Employment opportunities in tourism Industry:

Based on the involvement or contribution to the tourism supply side, employment opportunities in tourism & hospitality sectors can be created directly or Indirectly.

Direct employment activities are :- employment by hotel, restaurants, travel agencies, museums, cruise lines, resorts or shopping outlets, national parks, religious sites, monuments, local transportation, local tour guides, cook and scouts etc.

Indirect employment activities are :- restaurant suppliers, aircraft manufacturers, construction companies that build and maintain tourist sites, various handicrafts products, marketing agencies, accounting services etc.

Challenges of employment in tourism Industry:

Tourism create diversified employment opportunities in different sectors like: accommodation, food and beverages, transportation services, travel agencies, tour operators, natural and cultural attraction sites, etc. The challenges in tourism industry are:

5) Undemocratic and rigid corporate culture,

6) Seasonality and political instability which drastically reduce the number of visitors which is turn brings high employees turn over.

ROLE OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN INDIA

 the child labor has swelled for the first time in two decades. The number in child labor stood at 160 million at the start of 2020 an 

. The hike began before the pandemic hit and marks a dramatic reversal of a downward trend that had seen child labor numbers shrink by 91 million between 2000-2016. Nearly 1/10 children globally were stuck in child labor with Sub-Saharan Africa the worst affected. If the latest projections of poverty increase due to the pandemic, another 9 million children will be pushed into child labor by the end of 2022 as per the report. If social protection coverage slips from the current levels because of austerity measures and other factors the number of children falling into child labor can go up to additional 46 million. Boys were significantly more likely to be affected accounting for 97 of the 160 million children toiling in labor at the start of 2020.Gender gap narrows by half when household chores performed for at least 21 hours per week are counted. There is also significant increase in the children between the ages of 5-17 years who are doing hazardous work. This includes toiling in dangerous industries like mining or with heavy machinery and working for more than 43 hours a week which makes schooling next to impossible. Unless urgent actions are taken to help ballooning number of families plunging into poverty, nearly 

 could be forced into child labor over the 

Child Labor during the time of COVID

Tobacco smoking is already a major health problem in India and one that will worsen unless we act. Smoking alone is estimated to cause nearly 

 now smoke; the number of women who smoke is lower but the health risks are just as dangerous for both. 70% of deaths from tobacco use occur during middle age when people are still in the most productive part of their lives and not in the old age.

 is common in India. Chewing causes over half of the deaths from oral cancers and women are especially hard hit. More young people are now chewing and pre-cancerous conditions such as mouth lesions are increasing among youth.

 Chewing is common among men and women all over. In India 

 chew tobacco products and the percentage of people chewing in Uttar Pradesh is much higher with 69% men and 22% women addicted to tobacco products. Tobacco use by pregnant women leads to low birth weight babies, still births and birth defects.

 Chewing is more common among the poorest as per 

.About 30% of poorest, 23% of middle income group and only 13% of higher income group people chew tobacco products.

 Women who chew tobacco have especially high risks of dying from oral cancer. 3.8% of women in the age –group 30-69 years face relative risk of dying from chewing than 1.5% of men. The relative risk of dying from oral cancer is greater among women but men have higher background death rates so the absolute risks are more equal.

In Farrukhabad 90,000 men in the age-group 15-69 years smoke, of these 50,000 will be killed by smoking. 70% will die during their productive years of 15-69 while 30% will die in the old age. More men about 59% smoke in Bihar in 2015 then previous years. 612 lakh men who smoke cigarettes lose 10 years of life where as 687 lakh men who smoke 

The usage of tobacco is not just costing lives but it is imposing economic burdens on our country’s health care systems that force health facilities to spend a great share of their precious resources in treating largely preventable diseases. Tobacco use also costs individual families as the cost of treatment for serious diseases like cancer or stroke can push families into poverty.

 into poverty every year in. Farrukhabad Tabacco costs the district Rs. 09 crore every year. Police have an important role in the implementation of tobacco control laws. Of 1000 policemen who smoke 350 will be killed by tobacco at ages 15-69, a staggering figure.

Smoking cessation is the single most important action smokers can take to improve their health and lengthen their lives. But quit rates in India are very low at 3%. Quitting by age 40 and preferably earlier, avoids nearly all the risks. After quitting within 12 hours carbon dioxide levels decrease and oxygen levels increase. Within 3 months, heart attack risk drops and lung functions improve. Within 1 year, risk of sudden heart attack is cut in half and within 5 years risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus and bladder is halved.

Cigarettes and other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA)

 prohibits smoking in public places defined as any place to which the public have access whether as of right or not, but does not include any open space. Smoking is also prohibited at open spaces that are visited by the public like open auditoriums, stadiums, railway stations, bus stops and other such places. Individuals smoking in a public place are liable to pay a fine of up to Rs 200.

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (Govt of India)

Articles by Mohd Bilal Khan

How would you reduce illness in workplace?

Migrant Crisis and COVID-19

ROLE OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN INDIA

Child Labor during the time of COVID

Tobacco Smoking in India

How would you reduce illness in workplace?

Migrant Crisis and COVID-19

ROLE OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN INDIA

Child Labor during the time of COVID

Tobacco Smoking in India